Python Number

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Number is a Python data type that stores numeric values. Number is an immutable data type. This means, changing the value of a number data type will result in a newly allocated object.

Number objects are created when you assign a value to them. For example: firstNumber = 1, secondNumber = 33

Python supports several Number data types including:

Int
Float
Complex

Below are some examples of Number data types in Python:

Int	Float	Complex
`20`	`0.1`	`3.14j`
`300`	`1.20`	`35.j`
`-13`	`-41.2`	`3.12e-12j`
`020`	`32.23+e123`	`.873j`
`-0103`	`-92.`	`-.123+0J`
`-0x212`	`-32.52e10`	`3e+123J`
`0x56`	`60.2-E13`	`4.31e-4j`

Python Number Data Type Conversion

In Python you can convert data types using functions. Below are some functions to convert Python number data types.

int(x) to convert x to integer.
float(x) to convert x to floating point number.
complex(x) to convert x to complex number with real part x and imaginary part zero.
complex(x, y) to convert x and y to complex number with real part x and imaginary part y.

Python Mathematical Functions

In Python programming language there are functions to perform mathematical calculations, here is the list:

Name	Usage	Explanation
Absolute	`abs(x)`	Absolute value of x:(positive) distance between x and 0.
Ceiling	`ceil(x)`	Ceiling of x: smallest integer not less than x.
Exponent	`exp(x)`	Exponential value of x: ex
Fabs	`fabs(x)`	Absolute value of x.
Floor	`floor(x)`	Floor value of x: largest integer not greater than x.
Log	`log(x)`	Logarithm of x, for x > 0.
Log 10	`log10(x)`	Base 10 logarithm of x, for x > 0.
Max	`max(x1, x2,...)`	Largest argument: Value closest to positive infinity
Min	`min(x1, x2,...)`	Smallest argument: value closest to negative infinity.
Modf	`modf(x)`	Fractional and integer parts of x in a two-item tuple. Both parts have the same sign as x. Integer part is returned as float.
Pow	`pow(x, y)`	Value of x ** y.
Round	`round(x [,n])`	X rounded to n digits from the decimal point. Python rounds away from zero as a tie-breaker: round (0.5) is 1.0 and round (-0.5) is -1.0.
Square Root	`sqrt(x)`	Square root of x for x > 0.

Python Random Number Functions

Random numbers are used for game applications, simulations, testing, security, and privacy. Python includes the following commonly used functions. Here is the list:

Name	Usage	Explanation
Choice	`choice(seq)`	Random item from a list, tuple, or string.
RandRange	`randrange ([start,] stop [,step])`	Randomly selected element from range (start, stop, step).
Random	`random()`	A random float r, such that 0 is less than or equal to r and r is less than 1
Seed	`seed([x])`	Sets the integer starting value used in generating random numbers. Call this function before calling other random module functions. No return
Shuffle	`shuffle(lst)`	Shuffles list of items in place. No return
Uniform	`uniform(x, y)`	A random float r, such that x is less than or equal to r and r is less than y.

Python Trigonometric Functions

Python includes the following functions that perform trigonometric calculations. Here is the list:

Name	Usage	Explanation
Acos	`acos(x)`	Return arc cosine of x, in radians.
Asin	`asin(x)`	Return arc sine of x, in radians.
Atan	`atan(x)`	Return arc tangent of x, in radians.
Atan 2	`atan2(y, x)`	Return atan (y / x), in radians.
Cosine	`cos(x)`	Return cosine of x radians.
Hypot	`hypot(x, y)`	Return Euclidean norm, sqrt (x * x + y * y).
Sine	`sin(x)`	Return sine of x radians.
Tangent	`tan(x)`	Return tangent of x radians.
Degrees	`degrees(x)`	Converts angle x from radians to degrees.
Radians	`radians(x)`	Converts angle x from degrees to radians.

Python Mathematical Constants

This module also defines two mathematical constants. Here is the list:

Name	Usage	Explanation
Pi	`pi`	Mathematical constant Pi
e	`e`	Mathematical constant e

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