Python Dictionary

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Python dictionary is different from List or Tuple. Because each sequence contains key and value. Each key is separated from its value by a colon (:), the items are separated by commas, and the whole thing is enclosed in curly braces. An empty dictionary without items is written with just two curly braces, like this: {}.

Dictionary keys can be of any type, but keys must be of an immutable data type such as strings, numbers, or tuples.

Accessing Values in Python Dictionary

To access Dictionary elements, you can use the familiar square brackets along with the key to obtain its value. Here is a simple example :

#Example how to create Dictionary in Python

dict = {'Name': 'Zara', 'Age': 7, 'Class': 'First'}
print ("dict['Name']: ", dict['Name'])
print ("dict['Age']: ", dict['Age'])

Updating Values in Python Dictionary

You can update a Dictionary by adding a new entry or a key-value pair, modifying an existing entry, or deleting an existing entry as shown in the simple example given below.

#Update python dictionary

dict = {'Name': 'Zara', 'Age': 7, 'Class': 'First'}
dict['Age'] = 8; # Modify existing entry
dict['School'] = "DPS School" # Add new entry

print ("dict['Age']: ", dict['Age'])
print ("dict['School']: ", dict['School'])

Deleting Python Dictionary Elements

You can either remove individual dictionary elements or clear the entire contents of a dictionary. You can also delete entire dictionary in a single operation.

To explicitly remove an entire dictionary, just use the del statement. Here is a simple example :

#Example how to delete in Python Dictionary

dict = {'Name': 'Zara', 'Age': 7, 'Class': 'First'}

del dict['Name'] # remove entry with key 'Name'
dict.clear() # remove all entries in dict
del dict # delete entire dictionary

print ("dict['Age']: ", dict['Age'])
print ("dict['School']: ", dict['School'])

Built-in Functions on Python Dictionary

Python includes built-in functions as follows :

Python Function	Explanation
`len(dict)`	Gives the total length of the dictionary. This would be equal to the number of items in the dictionary.
`str(dict)`	Produces a printable string representation of a dictionary
`type(variable)`	Returns the type of the passed variable. If passed variable is dictionary, then it would return a dictionary type.

Built-in Methods on Python Dictionary

Python includes built-in methods as follows :

Python Method	Explanation
`dict.clear()`	Removes all elements of dictionary
`dict.copy()`	Returns a shallow copy of dictionary
`dict.fromkeys()`	Create a new dictionary with keys from seq and values set to value.
`dict.get(key, default=None)`	For key, returns value or default if key not in dictionary
`dict.items()`	Returns a list of dict's (key, value) tuple pairs
`dict.keys()`	Returns list of dictionary keys
`dict.setdefault(key, default=None)`	Similar to get(), but will set dict[key]=default if key is not already in dict
`dict.update(dict2)`	Adds dictionary dict2's key-values pairs to dict
`dict.values()`	Returns list of dictionary values

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